Tonga has a small open economy with squash, coconuts and vanilla the main export crops that make up two thirds of total exports. A high proportion of food is imported, mainly from New Zealand. Remittances are important to the economy, as is tourism. Private sector development is emphasized in its Strategic Development Plan and there is a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. Fisheries and tourism are considered as having the most potential for further economic growth.
Environment The Solomon Islands is part to various treaties and conventions related to environmental protection, including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol. A communication to UNFCCC, including greenhouse gas emissions and vulnerability to climate change, is expected to be submitted during 2004.
Available online|This report is based on data gathered by a PIREP team consisting of John Korinihone, Morgan Wairiu, John Vos and Peter Johnston
Call Number: 333.79415953 JOH (EL)
PNG has two distinct economies: i) a modem, cash economy dominated by mining, timber, gas and oil. and agricultural expoits (coffee, cocoa, tea. oil palm and copra): and ii) the traditional subsistence economy and semi-subsistence fanning, with most villages producing little or no surplus for trading. Economic growth has varied considerably but averaged less than 3% annually in real terms since independence in 1975. with per capita income less in 2002 than at Independence. The government expects real growth to average 2.1% from 2003-2008.
Palau lias an equatorial, marine environment. No cyclones have been recorded though near passages are not unusual when high waves can be a problem. Palau has a strong program for preserving the environment, particularly that of the major tourist attractions including the Rock Islands and the reefs where some of the best diving in the world is found. Marine biodiversity is high and land biodiversity moderate. Strict USA
Environmental issues have a high priority. The people of Nine have taken positive action to maintain the environment for future generations. The low population density has allowed large areas of the island's interior to remain as natural forests and this natural state has become a tourist attraction along with the exotic coral formations, caves and other natural attractions of the island. In general water quality and air quality are very good. Periods of drought occur that can cause loss of crops and hardship for residents.
The climate is equatorial marine in nature. There are 110 cyclones though rainfall is cyclic and periodic droughts are a serious problem with one year having a recorded rainfall of only 280 nun. The land biodiversity is limited with only
The Republic of the Marshall Islands consists of two groups of atolls and islands: Ralik in the west and Ratak to the east, within a rectangle extending 1150 km north-south and 1300 km east- west. about 3200 kilometers from Honolulu and Tokyo. Twenty-two of 29 atolls, and four of the five small raised coral islands are inhabited. The islands are typically several km long and rarely over 200 meters in width.
This style manual has been written to help SPC and SPREP authors produce documents for publication and has been designed to
establish a convention for style and grammar, streamline the editing process and facilitate layout. It is not meant to cover every style and grammatical issue the SPC or SPREP author may encounter. Volumes have been written on such subjects.
2 copies
Call Number: 428 DES [EL]
ISBN/ISSN: 982-203-931-X
Physical Description: vi, 56 p. ; 29 cm
Sustainable development is defined as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development means learning from the past, fulfilling the needs of the present, while
conserving our future environment.
Kept in vertical file collection|E-copy can be accessed by clicking on link in "FL" filed
Call Number: VF 6472 (EL)
Physical Description: 8 p. ; 29 cm
This review of Nine's current environmental concerns was undertaken through consultations with government departments, workshops with civil society conducted by the Environment Unit and the Fisheries Division, and a literature review. It was produced for a twofold purpose: the International Waters Programme, which funded the work, and preparations for the World Summit on Sustainable Development. For the latter, there was also some assessment of progress over the past ten years since
the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro.
The watersheds of the Cook Islands provide residents and visitors with a wide range of environmental services such as the supply of drinking water, natural filtration of freshwater run-off, recreational opportunities and scenery. Whilst important the value of these services is not readily apparent in economic terms. This means they can easily be overlooked in decision making and policy formulation. There is a pressing need to better understand the economic value of the nation's watersheds to raise awareness and inform investment and regulatory decisions.
Project monitoring is now a standard requirement in natural resource management programs, bringing opportunities for greater accountability, adaptive management and social learning. While
The primary resources for tins project were the statutes of Fiji. Several dozen enacted laws govern the allocation and disposition of resources, or access to and use of the environment. Together, this legislation provides the framework for natural resources and environmental decision making. Three other relevant statutes exist in draft form. Much of the effort of this project was devoted to reviewing this legislation, to identify both its policy intention and substantive provisions. Governmental administrators were also approached to clarify
The International Waters Project (IWP) aims to strengthen the management and conservation of marine, coastal and freshwater resources in the Pacific Islands region. It is financed through
the International Waters Programme of the Global Environment Facility, implemented by the United Nations Development Programme, and executed by the Secretariat of the Pacific
Regional Environment Programme (SPREP), in conjunction with the governments of the 14 participating independent Pacific Island countries.
There is no shortage of provisions relating to waste management issues in the current laws of Kiribati. While it may be useful to consider the opportunities for recognising the role of the community in waste management under the laws of Kiribati, there would appear to be only limited scope for effective legislative action in this regard. The role of Local Government Councils is clear and this is effectively provided for the in the Local Government Act 1984.
The International Waters Programme is implementing the Strategic Action Plan for the countries of the South Pacific. Activities in Kiribati under the IWP are focused on waste management issues and the effects that waste disposal has on water supply and coastal waters. Pilot projects, particularly involving the
Bikenibeu West Community, are proposed to address the fundamental causes of terrestrial derived wastes at community level. At a national level it is proposed to review the structure, functions and operations of the waste management
The Niue Village Councils Act is out dated and its effectiveness is affected by references to former offices and the previous colonial authority and administration. There are concerns about the means by which by-laws can be brought into force. Other aspects of this law mitigate against making use of it to
provide for the effective management of marine protected areas in villages.
1st page kept in vertical file collection but full e-copy can be accessed through "FL" field
Call Number: VF 6549 (EL)
The South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) was originally established as a result of a decision taken at the Conference on the Human Environment in the South Pacific held in Rarotonga in 1982. It was established as a separate entity within the South Pacific Commission (SPC - now the Secretariat of the Pacific Community) based in Noumea, New Caledonia; and formed part of the UNEP Regional Seas Programme.
Specific attention is given to laws that facilitate community involvement. This is because the ToR note that "the principal focus of the IW Programme is community-based activities
associated with the conservation and preservation of freshwater, community-based waste management and the sustainable use of coastal resources". The village inspired by-laws under
the Fisheries Act are an illustration of this approach being adopted in another context. The Internal Affairs Act and the Village Fono Act both make relevant provision in this regard.
The term "environment" in the Environment Act, (No 8 of 1998), is defined as "all natural and social systems and their constituent parts, and the interaction of their constituent
parts, including people, communities and economic, aesthetic, culture and social factors". Human activities impact its natural and social environment in many ways. Where the activity