This guide aims to show many different technologies that can be used to eliminate kerosene lighting from households in developing countries. 1.6 billion people in approximately 300 million households still use kerosene lighting, spending around $10-30 billion/year, or an average of about $1/week.
Improving energy efficiency (EE) is one of the most promising approaches for achieving cost-effective global greenhouse gases (GHG) reductions. However, it is severely underrepresented in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) portfolio. Just 10 percent of the emission reduction credits traded in the carbon market are from EE projects. In particular, small, dispersed, end-use EE measures—which entail significant GHG mitigation potential, along with other clear, local, and direct sustainable development benefits—have been largely bypassed by the carbon market.
This report summarizes a large-scale evaluation of improved-stove programs funded by the United Nations Development Programme, managed by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP), and conducted by East-West Center and ESMAP staff. ESMAP will issue a report accompanied by case studies in the near future.
This document sets out the site and storage conditions for class 3.1 flammable liquids. These substances may also have toxic, corrosive and/or ecotoxic properties (HSNO classes 6, 8 and/or 9), but no other hazardous properties. The conditions set out in this document are incorporated into a group standard by reference, and form part of that group standard. A substance must comply with the conditions in this document as part of the group standard approval. This document has been compiled from the following:
The purpose of this thesis is to study the feasibility of wave powered desalination: what areas would be potential for wave powered desalination and how much the produced water would cost.
The wave powered desalination system examined in this thesis is called AaltoRO and essentially it encompasses of a Wave Energy Convertor (WEC) and of a Reverse Osmosis (RO) facility. The WEC pressurizes the seawater directly to a suitable pressure, which is fed via a medium pressure pipeline to the onshore RO facility where fresh water is produced.
More than half of households in Honduras use cook stoves that are highly inefficient, unhealthy and unsafe, impacting the health and well-being of users and families as well as the natural environment through Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. A $2.95 million SREP program promotes sustainable business models for clean cook stove distribution supporting Honduran rural communities by providing high-efficiency cook stoves for 70,000 households. This will reduce consumption and cost of firewood for project beneficiaries by 60 percent and improve living standards.
This paper provides an overview of key issues involved in the choice among marketbased instruments for climate change policy. Specifically, it examines the potential net benefits from shifting to a permit system for emission reduction, and the preconditions necessary for this change. It also draws out the implications of New Zealand’s specific circumstances and current climate policies for future policy development.
In 2005 the international community will gather to examine progress on gender and development issues in the ten years following the 1995 Beijing Fourth World Conference on Women. This event brought together representives of government, civil socities, media and grass roots organizations to look at the unique roles that men and women play supporting development, economic growth and more equitable societies the world over.
This report is part of work commissioned by the UNDP to help FIJI meet its Fiji Renewable Energy Power Project (FREPP) goals. This work is intended to contribute to the revitalization of the renewable energy market in FIJI, especially where IPPs are concerned. Of particular interest is the policy framework regulating both public and the private investments in renewable energy, and the incentives that could be applied to stimulate growth in the sector.
The work is divided into three components
a) the development of standard Power purchase agreements,
The rapidly increasing costof electricity power in recent years has brought about a growing awareness of the importance of pricing policies inmaximizing the net economic benefits of consumption and avoiding waste.Although the theoreticall principles governing optimal pricing strategies have long been understood, their practical application to the energy sector in general, and to electric power in particular, has not been seriously pursued until recently.
With a focus on Fiji, this article assesses the benefits of and explores the barriers to using the Clean Development mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol in Pacific island countries.
With demonstrated strength across a range of potential CDM sectors, Fiji is in a relatively good position to take advantage of the opportunities on offer.
Biodiesel an alternative renewable energy resource produced from alcohol and vegetable oil. Its production and quality control has been explored extensively using the available local raw materials. The final Biodiesel fuel produced has been characterised by examining it physical and chemical properties.
The main objective of this work is to assess the potential of coconut oil (CNO) as a substitute for diesel in CI engines in the Pacific island countries of Papua New Guinea, Fiji and Solomon islands. This report describes the present status of copra and CNO production, use of distillate in electricity generation in the 3 countries. The advancements made to date in adapting CNO for various applications and viability of CNO as a substitute fuel in diesel electricity generators is studied. An indication of GHG reduction with CNO usage is also presented.
This Report, provides the status of Fiji’s implementation as regards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).The MDG Report has been prepared in the context of the Strategic Development Plan (SDP) 2003-2005. The compilation of the MDG Report was timely as it coincided with the Mid Term Review of Fiji’s SDP 2003-2005 whereby the MDG indicators were also assessed. The MDGs were endorsed in the SDP but were not specifically included as indicators.
The impetus for developing this guide came from the enormity of the Asian Tsunami disaster in 2004-2005 right on Australia's doorstep, and the inability of the renewable energy community to donate goods and services, highlighted a need to develop an understanding of a pathway with the aid and disaster relief organisations to overcome this situations.
This document presents the latest data on our current and prospective use of energy while also exploring the innovations in technology, finance and governance that can set the region on a more sustainable path. I hope it will be helpful to policymakers and many other concerned stakeholders—illuminating the complexities, gaps and barriers, but also demonstrating how a new energy paradigm shift can contribute to more inclusive economic and social development.
This guidebook is produced by the UNEP Risø Center (URC), Denmark, as a part of the project titled Capacity Development for the CDM (CD4CDM), which is being implemented by URC for United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) through funding from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Netherlands.
The Capacity Development for CDM (CD4CDM) Project decided to capitalize on the lessons learned by this validation process and has collaborated with Det Norske Veritas (DNV), an accredited DOE, to produce this guidebook. The guidebook targets CDM project proponents in developing countries, specifically those engaged in PDD preparation. It draws upon the extensive knowledge of DNV, which has validated more than 50% of all CDM projects coming through to the validation stage.
In September 2000, at the United Nations Millennium Summit,world leaders agreed to a set of time-bound and measurable goals and targets for combating poverty, hunger, illiteracy, gender inequality, disease, and environmental degradation.The eight goals that were eventually agreed upon are what the development community now refers to as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
This paper argues, on the basis of empirical evidence and the conceptual evolution over the years of what constitutes technology transfer, that much can be done within Environmental Goods and Services (EGS) and other areas of World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations. This would, however, imply rethinking the mandate of EGS negotiations and steering the focus away from simply increasing market access for EGS to one that recognises and facilitates the importance of knowledge transfers including “tacit” knowledge embodied in services.