The severity of the impact of elevated atmospheric pCO2 to coral reef ecosystems depends, in part, on how seawater pCO2 affects the balance between calcification and dissolution of carbonate sediments. Presently, there are insufficient published data that relate concentrations of pCO2 and CO32− to in situ rates of reef calcification in natural settings to accurately predict the impact of elevated atmospheric pCO2 on calcification and dissolution processes.
We tested the hypothesis that ocean acidification (OA) affects spatial competition among scleractinian corals. Competitive ability was evaluated indirectly by linear extension of Porites lutea and Montipora aequituberculata placed in intraspecific, interspecific, and control pairings (paired with dead coral skeleton) and exposed to ambient (̃400 µatm) and elevated (\̃1000 µatm) pCO2 in experiments conducted in Moorea, French Polynesia, and Okinawa, Japan. High pCO2 had no effect on linear extension of M.
We reconstruct the evolution of ocean acidification in the California Current System (CalCS) from 1979 through 2012 using hindcast simulations with an eddy-resolving ocean biogeochemical model forced with observation-based variations of wind and fluxes of heat and freshwater. We find that domain-wide pH and \$\\\backslashrm\\backslashOmega \\\_\\backslashmathrm\arag\\\$ in the top 60 m of the water column decreased significantly over these three decades by about −0.02 decade−1 and −0.12 decade−1, respectively.
Interactive effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on foraging behavior of juvenile coral reef fish
Two of the major threats to coral reefs are increasing sea surface temperature and ocean acidification, both of which result from rising concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Recent evidence suggests that both increased water temperature and elevated levels of dissolved CO2 can change the behaviors of fishes in ways that reduce individual fitness, however the interacting effects of these variables are unknown.
The 3rd phase of the “Technical assistance to update the energy security indicators for the framework for action on energy security in the Pacific“ began in October 2013 with the aim to:
The study assesses the potential and economic feasibility of LPG, LNG or CNG to meet medium term energy needs in PICTs. It considers the end-use applications of power generation, process heating, maritime transport, land transport, cooking and water heating. The existing fuels considered for substitution include heavy fuel oil (HFO), diesel, gasoline, kerosene and biomass.
International aviation fuel is excluded because gas does not offer a technologically viable alternative to aviation fuel at this stage.
In line with the decisions of the Ministers of Energy of the Pacific Islands States and Territories (PICTs), the project aims to establish and implement the first operational phase of the Pacific Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (PCREEE). The centre represents an innovative fusion of regional and international efforts and capabilities. Its design leverages a network of intra and extra regional partnerships, serving as a "hub" for knowledge and technical expertise on matters related to sustainable energy projects' implementation.
Executive Summary:
This publication provides information on the PPP business environment in nine ADB developing member countries to help public sector policy makers improve private sector participation in infrastructure projects.
The island of Ta’u in American Samoa, located more than 4,000 miles from the West Coast of the United States, now hosts a solar power and battery storage-enabled microgrid that can supply nearly 100 percent of the island’s power needs from renewable energy. This provides a cost-saving alternative to diesel, removing the hazards of power intermittency and making outages a thing of the past.
FOREWORD
The Independent Consumer and Competition Commission (“ICCC”) is a statutory body established under the provisions of the Independent Consumer and Competition Commission Act 2002 (“the ICCC Act”). The ICCC is vested with responsibilities under the ICCC Act to
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