Chapter 1 of Title 18 of the Code of the Federated States of Micronesia, as amended by Public Law No. 19-172 on April 28, 2017, states that the Territorial Sea is a line, every point of which is 12 M seaward of the nearest point of the baseline. Waters landward of the baseline, including the lagoons of atolls or islands, are internal waters.
"Comparison of the average hard coral cover between the three five-year periods comprising the last 15 years (2005-09, 2010-14, 2015-19, Tab. 9.3) indicated that there was a high degree of confidence (93%) in the long-term decline, despite the uncertainty in individual yearly estimates. Further, the vast majority (90%) of this decline occurred between 2010-14 and 2015-19, suggesting that the rate of decline in hard coral cover has accelerated during the last five years"
The Marine Zones (Declaration) Act 2011 repeals the Marine Zones (Declaration) Act 1983. It states that the territorial sea of Kiribati comprises those waters having, as their inner limits, the baseline of Kiribati and, as their outer limits, a line measured seaward from that baseline, every point of which is at a distance of twelve (12) nautical miles from the nearest point of the baseline.
The Marine Zones (Declaration) Act 2011 repeals and replaces the Marine Zones (Declaration) Act 1983 and defines the baseline of the territorial sea, the 12 nautical mile territorial sea and the 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone. http://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/KIR_2011_Ac…
The Marine Zones (Declaration) Act 2011 repeals and replaces the Marine Zones (Declaration) Act 1983 and defines the baseline of the territorial sea, the 12 nautical mile territorial sea and the 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone. http://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/KIR_2011_Ac…
The Marine Zones (Declaration) Act 2011 states that "Baseline" means the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf is measured. It contains the geographic coordinates that defines the baseline for the Line Group. The points are defined by geographic coordinates are determined by reference
to the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84).
The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) is the most comprehensive global database of marine and terrestrial protected areas, updated on a monthly basis, and is one of the key global biodiversity data sets being widely used by scientists, businesses, governments, International secretariats and others to inform planning, policy decisions and management. The WDPA is a joint project between UN Environment and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
The Territorial Sea Baseline of Cook Islands was derived from two high resolution satellite imageries called Geo-eye and WorldView -2 in 2011 and 2012. These imageries are referenced to the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 1984) datum. The baselines were defined and completed by Cook Islands technical team in collaboration with SPC in 2005.
This dataset is a merged layer of the 12 nautical mile zone for the Pacific region.
This is a shapefile layer that shows the 12 nautical miles zone for Niue. It can be opened in any GIS software.
This is a shapefile layer that shows Niue's Territorial Sea Baseline. It can be opened in any GIS software.
This is a shapefile layer that shows the 24 nautical miles zone for Niue. It can be opened in any GIS software.
This shapefile shows the 24 nautical miles zone for the Phoenix Group - KI. It can be opened in any GIS software.
The full global assessment can be downloaded from the GCRMN website.