Bio-ORACLE is a set of GIS rasters providing geophysical, biotic and environmental data for surface and benthic marine realms. The data are available for global-scale applications at a spatial resolution of 5 arcmin (approximately 9.2 km at the equator).
Linking biodiversity occurrence data to the physical and biotic environment provides a framework to formulate hypotheses about the ecological processes governing spatial and temporal patterns in biodiversity, which can be useful for marine ecosystem management and conservation.
GEBCO's aim is to provide the most authoritative publicly-available bathymetry of the world's oceans. It operates under the joint auspices of the International Hydrographic Organization(IHO) and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) (of UNESCO).
GEBCO produces and makes available a range of bathymetric data sets and products. This includes a global bathymetric grid; gazetteer of undersea feature names, a Web Map Service and printable maps of ocean bathymetry.
The Maritime Zones Act (MZA) 2018 for Cooks Islands repeals the Territorial Sea and Exclusive Economic Zone Act 1977, (Act No. 16 of 14 November 1977). It states that the territorial sea comprises of those areas of the sea;
(a) having as their inner limits the breadth of the territorial baselines and is measured from the low-water mark along the coast of the Cook Islands or where there is coral reef along any part of the coast of the Cook Islands, the low-water mark along the outer edge of the coral reef.
The Maritime Zones Act (MZA) 2018 for Cooks Islands repeals the Territorial Sea and Exclusive Economic Zone Act 1977, (Act No. 16 of 14 November 1977). It states that the exclusive economic zone comprises of those areas of the sea, seabed, and subsoil that are beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea having, as their outer limits, a line measured seaward from the territorial sea baseline, every point of which is distant 200 nautical miles from the nearest point of the baseline.
The Maritime Zones Act (MZA) 2018 for Cooks Islands repeals the Territorial Sea and Exclusive Economic Zone Act 1977, (Act No. 16 of 14 November 1977). It states that the contiguous sea comprises of those areas of the sea that are beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea having, as their outer limits, a line measured seaward from the territorial sea baseline, every point of which is distant 24 nautical miles from the nearest point of the baseline.
Chapter 1 of Title 18 of the Code of the Federated States of Micronesia, as amended by Public Law No. 19-172 on April 28, 2017, states that the Territorial Sea is a line, every point of which is 12 M seaward of the nearest point of the baseline. Waters landward of the baseline, including the lagoons of atolls or islands, are internal waters.
The Territorial Sea and Exclusive Economic Zone Act 1977, Act No. 28 of 26 September 1977 as amended by Act No. 146 of 1980 defines the territorial sea of New Zealand as those areas of the sea having, as their inner limits, the baseline which is measured from the low-water mark along the coast of New Zealand, including the coast of all islands and, as their outer limits, a line measured seaward from that baseline, every point of which is distant 12 nautical miles from the nearest point of the baseline.
Tokelau has been on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories since 1946, following the declaration of the intention by New Zealand to transmit information on the Tokelau Islands under Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations.
• See General Assembly resolution 66 (I) of 14 December 1946
Administering Power - New Zealand
Tokelau has been on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories since 1946, following the declaration of the intention by New Zealand to transmit information on the Tokelau Islands under Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations.
• See General Assembly resolution 66 (I) of 14 December 1946
Administering Power - New Zealand
French Polynesia was on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories from 1946 to 1947, following the transmission of information on French Establishments in Oceania by France under Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations. In 2013, the General Assembly re-inscribed French Polynesia, by recognizing that “French Polynesia remains a Non-Self-Governing Territory within the meaning of the Charter”.
• See General Assembly resolution 66 (I) of 14 December 1946 and 67/265 of 17 May 2013
Administering Power - France
French Polynesia was on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories from 1946 to 1947, following the transmission of information on French Establishments in Oceania by France under Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations. In 2013, the General Assembly re-inscribed French Polynesia, by recognizing that “French Polynesia remains a Non-Self-Governing Territory within the meaning of the Charter”.
• See General Assembly resolution 66 (I) of 14 December 1946 and 67/265 of 17 May 2013
French Polynesia was on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories from 1946 to 1947, following the transmission of information on French Establishments in Oceania by France under Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations. In 2013, the General Assembly re-inscribed French Polynesia, by recognizing that “French Polynesia remains a Non-Self-Governing Territory within the meaning of the Charter”.
• See General Assembly resolution 66 (I) of 14 December 1946 and 67/265 of 17 May 2013
Administering Power
France
Pitcairn has been on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories since 1946, following the declaration of the intention by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island to transmit information on the High Commission Territories of the Western Pacific (which had included the Pitcairn Islands) under Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations.
• See General Assembly resolution 66 (I) of 14 December 1946
Administering Power
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Pitcairn has been on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories since 1946, following the declaration of the intention by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island to transmit information on the High Commission Territories of the Western Pacific (which had included the Pitcairn Islands) under Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations.
• See General Assembly resolution 66 (I) of 14 December 1946
Administering Power
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Pitcairn has been on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories since 1946, following the declaration of the intention by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island to transmit information on the High Commission Territories of the Western Pacific (which had included the Pitcairn Islands) under Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations.
• See General Assembly resolution 66 (I) of 14 December 1946
Administering Power
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
New Caledonia was on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories from 1946 to 1947, following the transmission of information on New Caledonia and Dependencies by France under Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations. In 1986, the General Assembly re-inscribed New Caledonia, by considering that “New Caledonia is a Non-Self-Governing Territory within the meaning of the Charter”. The Administering Power belongs to France.
The Marine Zones (Declaration) Act 2011 states that "Baseline" means the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf is measured. It contains the geographic coordinates that defines the baseline for the Line Group. The points are defined by geographic coordinates are determined by reference
to the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84).
The Provision of the Interpretation Act 1971 defines the “Nauruan territorial waters" as:
That area of water, and the waters and subsoil beneath it, enclosed by a line every part of which is at a distance
of twelve miles from the nearest point of the outer edge of the reef surrounding the Island of Nauru which is exposed at low tide and, where there is an opening in the reef, from a straight line across the outer edge of that opening.
Chapter 1 of Title 18 of the Code of the Federated States of Micronesia, as amended by Public Law No. 19-172 on April 28, 2017, states that the Contiguous Zone is a line, every point of which is not more than 24 M seaward of the nearest point of the baseline as defined in section 101 of this title. Within the Contiguous Zone, the National Government of the Federated States of Micronesia may exercise the control necessary to:
200NM
Chapter 1 of Title 18 of the Code of the Federated States of Micronesia, as amended by Public Law No. 19-172 on April 28, 2017, states that the Exclusive economic zone is contiguous to the territorial sea. The inner boundary of the exclusive economic zone of each island or atoll is the seaward boundary of the territorial sea, and the outer boundary is a line, every point of which is two hundred nautical miles seaward of the nearest point on the baseline.