This section contains a sample of values for coral reefs and surrounding ecosystems estimated at the global, regional and site-specific levels. Some of these summaries note values for ecosystem goods and services including tourism and recreation, fisheries, coastal protection, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration that are presented in Section 2.
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Call Number: [EL]
Physical Description: 23 p.
Samoa has been the recipient of Global Environment Facility (GEF) financial support since the pilot phase of the GEF when Samoa participated in two regional projects: one on biodiversity, the other on climate change. These two projects set the stage for GEF interventions in Samoaand the Pacific region as a wholecreating a partnership among the GEF, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the South Pacific
Regional Environmental Programme (SPREP), and the Samoan Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MNRE) that continues to this day.
Marine turtles are easy to love but difficult to manage. Their
The Pacific has been aptly described as the last frontier1 for human settlement. Some 25,0002 islands lie scattered over the world's largest ocean whose area, covering about 28% of the global surface, is larger than the total land area of the world3.
The Minister responsible for environment acting in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet may, subject to the provisions of this Act, levy Deposits in respect of prescribed materials for waste material recovery.
Deposits levied under subsection (1) of this section shall be laid before the Maneaba ni Maungatabu within forty-eight hours of the day on which the next meeting of the Maneaba commences and shall come into operation on publication unless the Maneaba by resolution amends it or rejects it as the case may be.
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By the late 1990s Kiribati was in a waste crisis. The primary problem was on South Tarawa, the capital, and home of approximately one half of the country's people. There were no
engineered landfills, and litter was extremely common and thick, in all built up areas and surrounding beaches. Piles of waste often remained uncollected in the streets for weeks.
Programmes were instituted by the Ministry of Environment, the ADB, and SPREP to turn the situation around. By 2002, a programme called SAPHE1 was underway, building two landfills,
In late 2002. the open dump for Samoa's main island of Upolo. was a smelly, smoking mess like many similar open dumps in the Pacific. With the assistance of the Japan International Co-operation Agency ( JICA) and the Secretariat of the Pacific
Regional Environment Programme (SPREP), a major up-grade was begun to a sanitary landfill using the Fukuoka semi aerobic method. The basic engineering saw the access road up-graded
to allow all weather access to stop roadside dumping.
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Tonga's main island and home of 50% of the population, Tongatapn, faced a significant waste disposal crisis. An AusAID- funded project has shown how an integrated approach can maximize the opportunities to improving the entire system. While the project is still only 50% complete, preliminary indications show it to be a model of methodology for these types of major system up-grades.
Available online
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Physical Description: 3 Pages
Economic instruments are market-based incentives or disincentives that aim to change behaviour or consumption patterns. Incentives will reward desirable changes whereas charges can be placed on goods or services to attempt to include the environmental and / or economic costs of waste management in the ultimate price the consumer pays at purchase (polluter pays).
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Physical Description: 2 Pages
Because of increasing service demand, government subsidies and foreign aids are not enough for PIF countries to cover its SWM service cost.
Efficient and equitable user fee collection is essential for the
sustainable SWM service delivery.
Many countries piggy-back user fee on electricity bill or water bill.
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Call Number: [EL]
Physical Description: 4 Pages
Natural decomposition processes in landfills emit "landfill gas." Approximately half of that landfill gas is methane, the second leading greenhouse gas emitted in the United States. Landfill methane emissions are of national concern because they are the largest source (approximately 33 percent) of anthropogenic methane emissions in the United States.
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Call Number: [EL]
Physical Description: 2 Pages
Brisbane City Council manages almost half the city's wastes through one of the most efficient and safe waste systems in the world. A state-of- the-art fleet of dedicated waste trucks and waste and recycling single pass trucks can collect both recyclable material and waste from the kerbside. Recyclable material is taken to Materials Recovery Facilities (MRF) for processing. Waste is transported to centrally located transfer stations. From the transfer station the waste is bulk hauled
to fully engineered, double sealed landfills with full gas recovery and leachate treatment.
The Guidelines for the Assessment of Wastes or Other Matter that May be Considered for Dumping, referred to in short as the "Generic Guidelines'; as well as the Specific Guidelines for
Assessment of Bulky items primarily comprising steel, etc., addressed in this document are intended for use by national authorities responsible for regulating dumping of wastes and
embody a mechanism to guide national authorities in evaluating applications for dumping of wastes in a manner consistent with the provisions of the London Convention 1972 or the 1996
Integrated waste management systems should possess elements of reduction, collection, recycling, and disposal. One of the significant challenges for waste managers is prioritising
and apportioning their budget between these elements to get the best outcome.
Disposal by incineration instead has some major disadvantages. The air pollution risks are usually not as high (as they are on continents), thanks to the large expanses of surrounding
ocean. Yet the high costs and challenging technological safety demands of incineration tend to make it an inappropriate disposal solution. Improvements in gasification systems and
energy recovery could alter this balance over the next few decades. However, the prospect of turning the mountains of plastic residues into an energy source are likely to remain a fantasy in the foreseeable future.
This study presents the first elements of an initiative on solid waste management, endorsed by France under the framework of reinforcing regional cooperation in the Pacific region and
identified jointly by the Agence Francaise de Developpement (AFD) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
The initiative will be based on the strategy adopted by the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) and will be coordinated with existing or future projects in the region.
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Protected areas of one sort or another cover about 10 per cent of the world's land surface; the large majority were established in the second part of the twentieth century. Although most
were originally set up to protect landscape values, wildlife or more recently biodiversity, they are increasingly expected in addition to provide wider benefits to human society.
1 copy
Call Number: 333.95 DUD [EL]
ISBN/ISSN: 978-2-88085-279-9
Physical Description: 39 p. ; 29 cm
The evaluation of management effectiveness is generally achieved by the assessment of series of criteria (represented by carefully selected indicators) against agreed objectives or standards. The following definitions refer specifically to the context of protected area management effectiveness.
Call Number: 363.78 HOC [EL]
ISBN/ISSN: 978-2-8317-0939-0
Physical Description: xv, 105 p. ; 29 cm
In October 1986, scientists and climatologists were gathered by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and the International Council of Scientific Union (ICSU) at an international conference in Villach, Austria, to discuss the problem of anthropogenic interference in the Global Climate System (GCS).
Climate change poses a massive threat to development. The poorest populations of poor countries - the Least Developed Countries, Small Island Developing States, and the nations of Africa - face the concentrated challenge of tackling the worst of the impacts with the least capacity to do so. Clearly, adaptation to climate impacts must be seamlessly integrated into any development planning and policy. This four- step plan for mainstreaming climate change aims to fulfil that need.